Introduction to Yonaguni Monument
The Yonaguni Monument (Japanese: 与那国島海底地形, Hepburn: Yonaguni-jima Kaitei Chikei, lit. ’Yonaguni Island Submarine Topography’), also known as the Yonaguni (Island) Submarine Ruins (与那国（島）海底遺跡, Yonaguni(-jima) Kaitei Iseki), is a submerged rock formation off the coast of Yonaguni, the southernmost of the Ryukyu Islands, in Japan. It lies approximately 100 kilometres (54 nmi; 62 mi) east of Taiwan.
Marine geologist Masaaki Kimura asserts that the formations are man-made stepped monoliths. These assertions have been termed pseudoarchaeological. The Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs and the Okinawa Prefectural government do not recognize the features as significant cultural artifacts and neither government agency has conducted research or preservation efforts on the site.
Exploration
The waters off Yonaguni are a favorite dive site during winter due to its abundance of hammerhead sharks. In 1986, in hopes of viewing the sharks, Kihachiro Aratake, a director of the Yonaguni-Cho Tourism Association, spotted some underwater formations that looked like man-made structures. A team of scientists led by Masaaki Kimura of the University of the Ryūkyūs came to investigate the structures shortly after.
Geology and location
With its main face orientated south-southeast, the formations are situated beneath the Arakawabana (新川鼻; Yonaguni: Araga-bana) cliff, which is the southernmost point of Yonaguni island.
It is made up of mudstones and medium-to-very-fine sandstones from the Lower Miocene Yaeyama Group, which are thought to have been deposited around 20 million years ago. Rather of being put together from freestanding rocks, the majority of the rocks in the formations are attached to the underlying rock mass.
Formation of nature
Geologist Robert Schoch is of the opinion that it is likely natural. Schoch examined the sandstones that constitute the Yonaguni formation to “contain many well-defined, parallel bedding planes along which the layers separate easily. The rocks of this group are also criss-crossed by many sets of parallel, vertically aligned joints in the rock. These joints are natural, parallel fractures by which the rectangular formations present in the region likely came into being.
Yonaguni is located in an earthquake region; such earthquakes have a tendency to fracture the rocks in a systematic way.” He further sees that there are the same kind of formations on the northeast coast of Yonaguni. John Anthony West went to the formation with Schoch and concurred that it was a natural formation and that Kimura “had not looked carefully enough at the natural processes at work.”
Schoch is also convinced that the “drawings” discovered by Kimura are natural scratches on the rocks, and opines that the “walls” are merely natural horizontal platforms which collapsed into a vertical position when rock beneath them eroded, and the claimed roads are merely channels in the rock.
After studying the formations in 1999 on a trip sponsored by Spiegel TV and again in 2001 at Graham Hancock’s request, German geologist Wolf Wichmann came to the conclusion that natural processes may have created them.
Onshore step-like sandstone structures like the Yonaguni may be seen in Sanninudai. The structures are entirely natural, according to Robert Schoch and Patrick D. Nunn, Professor of Oceanic Geoscience at the University of the South Pacific.
Ogata and other researchers used in 2019 a digital elevation model to perform topographical examination of Yonaguni Island as well as geological field surveys of strata, rocks, and outcrop microtopography at three sites called ‘geosites’, Tindabana, Kube Ryofurishi, and Sanninudai. Based on their study, they pointed out that while Yonaguni Monument can resemble artificial building, it is a natural formation created by weathering and erosional processes operating on bedding and linear joints in sandstone. They also pointed out that other similar features exist at Sanninudai geosite and are routinely found on Yonaguni Island’s south coast.
Claims of manufactured constructions that are pseudoarchaeological
Kimura initially estimated the formation to be no less than 10,000 years old, placing it at a time when it would have been emergent and thus speculated that the site could be a remnant of the mythical lost continent of Mu.
In a 2007 report presented to the 21st Pacific Science Congress, he adjusted this estimate to 2,000 to 3,000 years ago, as at that time the sea level was comparable to present times. He inferred that after being built, it was submerged under sea level by tectonic activity. Archaeologist Richard J. Pearson feels this is not possible. Kimura is convinced he can spot a pyramid, castles, roads, monuments, and a stadium. He added that he thinks the buildings are remnants of Yamatai culture.
The artificial origin lobby, including the likes of Graham Hancock, has the argument as well that whilst some of the structures observed in Yonaguni are indeed observable in other natural sandstone formations around the globe, an area with this number of unique structures is a strong improbability. They also refer to the relative lack of loose blocks on the flat surfaces of the formation, which would be present if formed purely by natural fracturing and erosion. Robert M. Schoch, who has an opinion that the formation was geologically formed, has pointed out that the rocks are impacted by powerful currents.
1. What Is the True Origin of the Yonaguni Monument?
The Yonaguni Monument, located off the coast of Yonaguni, Japan, is a submerged structure that has intrigued scientists and enthusiasts for decades. Discovered in 1985 by diver Kihachiro Aratake, it consists of massive stone formations that resemble a pyramid or step-like terraces. Many theories have been proposed about its origins, from it being a natural rock formation to a man-made structure built by ancient civilizations. One popular theory is that the monument is the remnant of an ancient advanced civilization, possibly predating even the pyramids of Egypt. Skeptics, however, argue that the structure is a result of natural geological processes, including underwater erosion and tectonic activity.
Recent research has only deepened the mystery, as scientists have struggled to definitively determine whether the stone formations were carved by humans or shaped by natural forces. With no concrete evidence supporting either theory, the Yonaguni Monument remains one of the most enigmatic underwater discoveries in the world.
2. Could the Yonaguni Monument Be a Lost Civilization’s Ruins?
One of the most fascinating questions surrounding the Yonaguni Monument is whether it could be the remnants of a lost civilization. Some experts suggest that the structure could be the remains of a large, ancient city that existed thousands of years ago, potentially submerged due to rising sea levels. This theory is supported by the precision of the stone formations, which appear to have been intentionally shaped into terraces and staircases, features that are often associated with human-made structures.
Supporters of the lost civilization theory point to similar ancient ruins found around the world, such as the Pyramids of Egypt and Machu Picchu, as evidence that advanced civilizations existed long before recorded history. However, the lack of concrete evidence—such as artifacts or clear signs of human habitation—makes this theory difficult to prove.
3. How Did the Monument Survive Submersion for Thousands of Years?
The Yonaguni Monument has been submerged for an estimated 10,000 to 12,000 years, a time frame that raises questions about its preservation. Natural erosion and underwater currents typically cause significant degradation to submerged structures over time. So how did the Yonaguni Monument manage to survive for so long?
Some researchers believe that the sheer size and depth of the monument, coupled with its location, may have helped protect it from destructive forces. The site is situated in an area where strong underwater currents could have helped to shape the structure over thousands of years, possibly also preserving it by preventing the growth of coral and marine life that might have otherwise contributed to its degradation.
4. Was the Yonaguni Monument Part of an Underwater Complex?
Another mystery is whether the Yonaguni Monument was once part of a larger underwater complex, perhaps even a sprawling city or sacred site. Divers have reported discovering other anomalous stone formations in the vicinity of the monument, suggesting that there may be additional submerged structures that have not yet been fully explored. Some researchers believe that the monument could be a central feature in a larger network of ancient ruins that were once part of a thriving civilization.
If this is true, it raises even more intriguing questions about how such a complex could have been built, and why it was abandoned or lost to the depths of the ocean. The idea that an entire civilization could have existed underwater, undetected for thousands of years, is both fascinating and perplexing.
5. What Role Did Earthquakes Play in the Formation of the Monument?
Given the geological activity of the region around the Yonaguni Monument, many experts wonder if earthquakes or seismic events played a role in its formation. The area lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire, a zone of intense seismic and volcanic activity. Some theories suggest that the monument could be the result of tectonic movements, where the landmass may have risen or shifted, causing the rock formations to be exposed and shaped into their current form.
This theory suggests that what we see today may be the product of an ancient fault line, with natural processes such as faulting, erosion, and sea level changes contributing to the monument’s present appearance. If this is the case, the stone structures would not be man-made, but rather the result of millions of years of geological forces shaping the landscape.
6. Could the Monument Be a Temple or Sacred Site?
Another theory surrounding the Yonaguni Monument is that it could be a man-made temple or sacred site. The precision of the stone terraces, along with their distinct steps and flat surfaces, has led some researchers to believe that the monument may have been used for ceremonial purposes. Some even suggest that it could have been an ancient platform for religious rituals or astronomical observations.
Similar stone structures have been found in other ancient cultures, often associated with ceremonial or spiritual significance. If the Yonaguni Monument was indeed a temple, it would raise fascinating questions about the beliefs and practices of the civilization that built it. Did they have advanced knowledge of astronomy, or was the structure built to honor certain gods or deities?
7. What Evidence Is There of Human Interaction with the Monument?
Despite its mystery, there is limited evidence of human interaction with the Yonaguni Monument. While some divers claim to have found tools and artifacts nearby, none of these discoveries have been definitively linked to the monument itself. The lack of archaeological evidence, such as pottery, carvings, or written records, leaves much of the site’s history open to speculation.
If the monument was indeed built by an ancient civilization, one would expect to find traces of human habitation or activity in the surrounding area. However, the absence of such evidence has led some researchers to question whether the structure could be entirely natural, or if it could have been used in a way that left little trace of human involvement.
8. Has the Yonaguni Monument Changed Over Time?
Over the years, divers and researchers have noted that the Yonaguni Monument has shown signs of change. Some believe that the structure is slowly deteriorating, either due to natural erosion or human activity. While the monument has been largely protected from destructive forces, there are concerns that increased tourism, with divers and underwater exploration, could be taking a toll on the site.
Additionally, shifting ocean currents and climate change may have contributed to subtle changes in the monument’s appearance. The rising sea levels could also be slowly altering the monument’s exposure to the elements, raising questions about the future preservation of this ancient mystery.
9. Could the Monument Have Been Used for Underwater Rituals?
A particularly fascinating theory suggests that the Yonaguni Monument could have been used for underwater rituals or ceremonies. The structure’s distinct steps and terraces may have served as a sacred space for a ritualistic practice that involved water, possibly symbolizing a connection to the divine or the afterlife.
This idea is supported by the location of the monument, which is positioned in the ocean—often seen as a liminal space between life and death in many ancient cultures. If rituals were indeed performed on or around the monument, it would offer new insight into the spiritual beliefs of the civilization that built it.
10. Could the Yonaguni Monument Be the Result of an Advanced Technology?
Lastly, some have speculated that the Yonaguni Monument could be the result of advanced technology that predates recorded history. This theory posits that the people who constructed the monument possessed knowledge or tools that have been lost to time. If this were true, the monument could represent evidence of a civilization with technology far beyond what we typically associate with ancient societies.
While no definitive evidence has been found to support this claim, the precision of the stonework, as well as the monument’s sheer scale, raises the possibility that advanced engineering techniques were used. Whether this technology was from an unknown civilization or a lost period of human history remains one of the most tantalizing aspects of the Yonaguni Monument’s mystery.
1. What is the Yonaguni Monument?
The Yonaguni Monument is an underwater structure located off the coast of Yonaguni, Japan, in the East China Sea. This large, mysterious formation has drawn significant attention due to its resemblance to man-made structures like steps, terraces, and a pyramidal shape. It sits about 20 meters (66 feet) below the surface, making it the subject of extensive debate and intrigue among divers, archaeologists, and historians. The monument is composed of massive stone blocks and has clear geometric formations that seem to indicate a possible human origin, though many believe it to be a natural formation.
2. Where is the Yonaguni Monument Located?
The Yonaguni Monument is found near the southern tip of Yonaguni Island, which is part of the Ryukyu Islands in Japan. The monument is about 500 meters (1,640 feet) off the coast of the island, at a depth that makes it accessible for divers but not easy to reach. The geographical area is known for its rugged underwater topography, and the monument itself is located in relatively deep waters, requiring special equipment to explore and study. The proximity of the monument to the island is also notable because the area is rich in both marine and archaeological history.
3. What Are the Main Features of the Yonaguni Monument?
The Yonaguni Monument is best known for its distinct geometric formations. These include flat terraces, sharp edges, and right angles, leading many to wonder if these are the remains of an ancient man-made structure. Some of the most prominent features include a large “step pyramid” that resembles a terraced structure, as well as long, linear features that seem to resemble roads or pathways. There is also a prominent “flat” platform that suggests deliberate construction. The entire structure spans about 50 meters (164 feet) in length and 25 meters (82 feet) in width, adding to the mystery of its origins.
4. Who Discovered the Yonaguni Monument?
The Yonaguni Monument was first discovered in 1986 by Kihachiro Aratake, a Japanese scuba diving instructor. Aratake had been diving in the waters off Yonaguni when he noticed the unusual formations on the ocean floor. He initially thought they were natural, but after further investigation, he and others began to suspect that they could be remnants of a man-made structure. This sparked a great deal of speculation and research into the site, with some believing it to be evidence of a lost civilization, while others maintain that the formation is purely geological.
5. What Theories Exist Regarding the Origin of the Yonaguni Monument?
There are two main theories surrounding the origin of the Yonaguni Monument: one is that it is a natural formation, and the other is that it is a man-made structure. Proponents of the natural formation theory argue that the monument is the result of natural geological processes, such as erosion, that shaped the sandstone into its current form. On the other hand, advocates of the man-made theory believe the monument could be the remnants of an ancient civilization or advanced society that existed thousands of years ago, possibly predating known history. The debate continues to spark interest in the monument, with researchers offering differing viewpoints based on their interpretations of the site.
6. What Role Does the Yonaguni Monument Play in Local Culture?
In addition to its intriguing mystery, the Yonaguni Monument has become a significant part of local culture and tourism. The site has drawn divers and tourists from around the world, eager to see the monument in person. For locals, the site is an important part of their history and culture, often discussed in folklore and local traditions. Some also believe that the monument could be connected to myths about lost civilizations or sunken cities in the region. Its growing popularity has led to discussions about preserving the monument and its surrounding underwater environment.
7. What Are the Challenges in Studying the Yonaguni Monument?
Studying the Yonaguni Monument is a challenging task due to several factors. The monument is located in deep waters, which makes it difficult to reach without specialized diving equipment. The site is also affected by currents and weather conditions, which can limit the ability to study it consistently. Additionally, the debate over whether the formation is natural or man-made complicates the interpretation of evidence. Researchers must rely on advanced technology, such as sonar mapping and underwater photography, to explore the structure, but many questions remain unanswered due to the limitations of current underwater exploration methods.
8. Has Any Evidence of Ancient Civilization Been Found Near the Yonaguni Monument?
To date, no direct evidence of an ancient civilization has been discovered at or around the Yonaguni Monument. While some researchers have pointed to the structure’s geometrical features as potential signs of human craftsmanship, there has been no conclusive proof that the monument was constructed by an advanced civilization. In nearby waters, there have been reports of other underwater formations and artifacts, but these findings have not been definitively linked to the monument. Some argue that any evidence of civilization might be buried or lost due to the passage of time, but the search for clues continues.
9. What is the Current Scientific Consensus on the Yonaguni Monument?
The current scientific consensus regarding the Yonaguni Monument is divided. Many geologists argue that the structure is a natural formation, shaped by tectonic movements and natural erosion processes. They point to the fact that similar formations can be found in other parts of the world, suggesting that the monument’s unique features are not necessarily the result of human intervention. On the other hand, archaeologists and researchers who support the idea of a man-made origin point to the monument’s sharp angles, straight lines, and other features that seem to suggest human involvement. Despite extensive research, the true origin of the monument remains a topic of debate.
10. What Is the Future of Research on the Yonaguni Monument?
The future of research on the Yonaguni Monument looks promising, with technological advancements making it easier to study the structure in greater detail. Advances in underwater archaeology, such as improved sonar mapping, remote sensing technology, and diving equipment, will likely help uncover more information about the monument’s origins. While the debate over whether the monument is natural or man-made may continue for years to come, the site remains a key point of interest for researchers, divers, and tourists alike. As the scientific community continues to explore and study the monument, it is likely that new discoveries will shed light on this mysterious underwater formation.
